Appeared in the Daily Wildcat on Sept. 25, 2014

FLAGSTAFF — The Arizona Board of Regents discussed changing the tuition setting process for the state universities at its meeting on the Northern Arizona University campus on Thursday.

The new process would break up the tuition setting into three separate meetings occurring at each of the universities — UA, NAU and Arizona State University — instead of setting all of the universities’ tuition rates at one meeting. The board of regents is also considering changes that would involve multi-year tuition plans and a new business cycle for Arizona universities’ governing board.

Eileen Klein, president of the board of regents, said the separate meetings would allow the regents to get to understand the operations and elements of each university, and they would set tuition rates at the same time as they do the operational and financial review for that university.

She said this would help the regents view each of the universities separately rather than just side-by-side. In the past, tuition rates for all three state universities have been set by the regents at a single meeting in April.

“We would be moving away from this annual tradition where we stop the presses and spend all of our time focusing on tuition and there’s no context to any of the discussion,” Klein said.

This would also mean a move away from the annual tuition hearings that occur on each campus of the state universities, she said. Klein added that the student regents would work with student governments to get more input.

Regent Greg Patterson said the system now where the regents vote on all the tuition increases at the same time is difficult, and that he supports the proposal for changing the tuition setting process.

“I like the deep drill that says, ‘We’re on this campus to discuss your plan and we’re going to hear your tuition plan and how it fits in,’” Patterson said.

“A lot of students are really excited that [the new process] will bring a lot more predictability,” Hanna said.

This would mean a change to the calendar of the board of regents’ business cycle, Klein said. The tentative schedule for 2015 as Klein has it in the proposal has the tuition setting for the UA in February, NAU in March and ASU in April.

Regent LuAnn Leonard said she is worried that February would be too soon for the UA to provide the numbers that would be needed to decide on tuition rates for the university. Hanna also voiced concerns over the UA having only a few months to come up with its tuition proposal.

The proposed multi-year tuition setting process would have the regents set tuition rates for the universities for several years out. Klein said this would give some certainty to the university presidents of the revenue they can expect over several years.

Student Safety

The regents also discussed student safety at the state universities. Last year, the board of regents set up the Statewide Student Safety Task Force last year to address these concerns. Local task forces for each university submitted their findings at a meeting in June.

“There was some initial concern, I think, on everyone’s part about what the objective was, but the universities did a terrific job of making it a very inclusive process,” Klein said.

The reports from each of the task forces can be viewed on the board of regents’ website.

Klein said one of the main takeaways from the task force was better working with local law enforcement agencies and local governments on student safety.

Klein added that they want to think about prevention and not only enforcement when it comes to ensuring student safety.

Leonard said the discussion on student safety among the state universities will be ongoing.

Items approved

The board of regents also voted to approve several projects, budget requests and other items requested by the universities including:

-The operating budget requests for the state universities for the 2016 fiscal year

-Capital improvement plans for the universities for 2016-18

-Funding proposed projects for the state universities from the board of regents’ innovation fund

-A ground lease for the UA with the city of Phoenix to build onto its Phoenix Biomedical campus with the Biosciences Partnership Building

-An agreement for the UA on the operation of the Giant Magellan Telescope

-The UA’s Bioscience Research Laboratories project

-The UA’s request to enter into an agreement with Pima County and the YMCA to build a library complex at the UA Science and Technology Park

-An addendum to the UA’s academic strategic plan that would add a doctor of veterinary medicine degree. Jay Heiler, vice chairman of the board of regents, voted against the proposal, making it the only item to receive a dissenting vote.

The board of regents moved quickly through the items to approve during the afternoon, raising concerns from one of its members.

Regent Rick Myers said he was “uncomfortable” with the pace the regents were moving at and that he felt the vice presidents for research from the three universities were “shortchanged” when they were rushed through their presentations.

Patterson responded to Myers’ concerns, saying the regents worked on each of the items for a long time in committees and the meeting was pressed for time for several reasons.

The regents will reconvene at NAU on Friday where they will vote on approving performance incentives for UA President Ann Weaver Hart, as well as ASU President Michael Crow.

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Appeared in the Daily Wildcat on April 1, 2014

The Tucson Police Department is internally investigating allegations of police misconduct from Saturday night’s clash on University Boulevard following the Arizona men’s basketball team’s loss in the Elite Eight.

One cell phone video shows what appears to be a Tucson Police Department officer knocking a woman over a bench as she walks behind the line of riot police stretched across the street. People around the woman who was knocked over begin yelling at the officer and one shouts, “What did you do that for?”

A version of the video posted to Facebook by Cara Monier, an undeclared UA freshman, had been shared more than 3,000 times as of Monday evening. Monier said she received the video from a friend and shared it to make sure others could see what happened.

“As soon as I saw [the video] it made my blood boil,” Monier said. “I am so intensely angry at the way that police officers were treating people and the way they were handling the situation.”

The incident is currently being internally investigated by TPD, according to Roberto Villaseñor, TPD chief of police. The officer in question has already been interviewed regarding the incident.

“We’re going to look at all the circumstances and make our determination there,” Villaseñor said, “but we’re going to do it based off of everything, not just one video clip everyone’s looking at.”

The officer was wearing a camera at the time of the incident and Villaseñor said police would be looking through what the camera recorded as they conduct their investigation.

“Once we’ve closed off an area, you can’t go through our line,” he said.

Villaseñor said TPD would be reviewing all aspects of the incident and asked for patience from the public.

“They want quick action based on the video,” he said. “It doesn’t work that way. We need to do a thorough investigation.”

Another video shows a man, identified as Alexander Davidson, 23, walking toward the line of riot police with arms outstretched. Police shoot him multiple times with pepper balls. The man is then restrained by several officers and pulled back behind the line of officers. One officer appears to strike the man in the face as he is being grabbed.

At that point, members of the crowd begin chanting, “Police brutality.”

Davidson did not respond to requests for comment. He was one of 15 people who were arrested Saturday night.

After an unlawful assembly has been declared, when people refuse to follow orders issued by police, police will fire pepper balls at their feet first, according to Villaseñor. If the individual still doesn’t fall back, officers will begin shooting pepper balls at the person.

“He got hit several times in the chest and that still didn’t stop him, so at that point the only option is to go out and grab him and take him into custody,” Villaseñor said.

TPD received three complaints regarding officers’ actions Saturday night, one being about the woman who appeared to be knocked over a bench by an officer. Villaseñor said TPD spent three to four hours Monday morning going over the events that transpired.

Some are questioning TPD’s preparations in having officers in their protective equipment while the game was still being played, according to Villaseñor. About 60 to 70 officers were present on University Boulevard during the game.

Monier said she was watching the game at Gentle Ben’s Brewing Co. and saw a strong police presence on University Boulevard before the game ended. She said the attire worn by police indicated they were expecting fans to grow unruly after the game.

“The Tucson police officers set the atmosphere for the riot to happen,” Monier said.

Police were wearing protective helmets and face shields and were carrying gas masks to prepare for anything that could happen, Villaseñor said.

Overall, he said he believed officers responded well given the situation they faced.

“I think my officers acted professionally,” Villaseñor said. “Does that mean that everything single thing we did was right? I’m not going to make that statement.”

In a statement from Kendal Washington White, assistant vice president for Student Affairs and dean of students, she said TPD’s response was necessary.

“The Tucson Police Department took the actions necessary to ensure public order, safeguard property and protect people,” White said.

TPD will share the results of its reviews of the events of Saturday night with the UA, according to White’s statement.

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Appeared in the Daily Wildcat on March 25, 2014

Jack*, a UA physics sophomore, knocked on a door, which was opened to reveal a cramped and dimly lit dorm room. Michael*, a fine arts freshman, led him through his room, movie posters filling the walls and bottles of alcohol scattered throughout. Michael opened a desk drawer and produced a prescription bottle filled with orange capsules.

“I just need two,” Jack said. He had a midterm coming up and said he needed something extra to help him study.

Michael then placed two capsules into a Ziploc bag and handed it to Jack. On the capsules, in black script, was written: ADDERALL XR 20 mg.

Michael has a prescription for Adderall to treat his Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and he sells extra pills on the side at $5 each.

Michael has cycled through some 20 different ADHD medications by doctors since he was diagnosed with the disorder at the age of 7. About a year and a half ago, his doctor prescribed him Adderall for the first time. Adderall is an amphetamine commonly prescribed to ADHD patients to help improve their concentration.

Some students use Adderall without a prescription as a way to boost their academic performance, especially when they feel they’re falling behind, said Lynn Reyes, an alcohol and other drug prevention specialist with Campus Health Service.

“They’re in trouble; finals are coming up,” Reyes said. “So they think, ‘I’ve got to pull an all-nighter. I’m going to try some Adderall.’”

The only substances with higher abuse rates among UA students are alcohol and marijuana, Reyes said.

Unlike alcohol and marijuana, recreational use of Adderall is not nearly as common. The study in JACH showed that about 75 percent or more of college students who use Adderall use it to help them academically.

Adderall is a stimulant, not unlike coffee, said Keith Boesen, director of the Arizona Poison and Drug Information Center.

“We use caffeine to wake ourselves up and help us concentrate,” Boesen said. “Adderall takes that to the next level.”

Prescribing a stimulant to those with ADHD may seem like a puzzling choice, but the stimulation from Adderall actually has a calming effect on people with ADHD.

“It helps people working with those parts of the brain to focus and be able to pay attention, particularly in school, where we find a lot of the early diagnoses [of ADHD],” Reyes said.

This makes the drug appealing to college students looking for something to help them concentrate or stay awake.

Obtaining Adderall through Campus Health is not easy, Reyes said. While Campus Health will continue to prescribe ADHD medications to students who have a prescription from a family doctor, it will never begin prescriptions for students who simply walk in and say they have ADHD.

“Campus Health does not start people on ADHD meds because we don’t have the staff to assess that particular disorder,” Reyes said. “So, what we do when someone feels that they need that, we give them referrals … so that they get assessments.”

Some students turn to friends, or friends of friends, to get them Adderall instead.

Michael’s doctor warned him before he went off to the UA to keep his Adderall safe, saying others would come asking for it.

A few months ago, in his first semester at the UA, Michael’s friends learned of his Adderall prescription, and asked if he would consider selling it. He went online and researched the price of Adderall and discovered that he could make some extra money off of his prescription.

“I thought, ‘I have surplus, so why don’t I profit from it?’” Michael said.

He receives a package from home once a month containing his prescription, which consists of 30 pills, one for each day of the month.

The pills he doesn’t take, he sells — to friends, acquaintances and even strangers.

“For me, it’s not like I need it every day to function. Some people need it to function,” he said.

He doesn’t take his daily pill on the weekends when he drinks because the two don’t mix well, and on some days he wakes up and doesn’t feel he needs to take it. Slowly, a surplus accumulates, and he has enough to begin selling.

After he started selling to his friends, they began referring others to him. He estimates that during finals week last semester he made about $250 from selling his Adderall.

Michael said that he knows what he is doing is illegal. Adderall is classified by the Food and Drug Administration as a Schedule II controlled substance, which indicates it carries a high risk for abuse, and places it in the same category as cocaine and methamphetamine.

The UA Student Code of Conduct prohibits the unauthorized use, sale, possession or distribution of any controlled substance.

Under Arizona state law, Adderall as an amphetamine is considered a dangerous drug, and possessing a dangerous drug is a Class 4 felony. The sale or transfer of a dangerous drug is a Class 2 felony.

That section of the Code of Conduct covers many different drug offenses, said Kendal Washington White, dean of students and assistant vice president for Student Affairs.

The Dean of Students Office does not track each drug case it handles with the specificity necessary to determine how many cases have involved Adderall, according to White, but about 95 percent or more of those cases involve marijuana usage.

Most drug cases handled by the University of Arizona Police Department also involve marijuana usage, according to Brian Seastone, UAPD chief of police.

Michael said that he takes steps to avoid getting caught. He doesn’t give out his name to strangers who are referred to him, and he trusts his friends to not give away his name.

Amanda*, a film and television freshman, is one of those friends.

Amanda first tried Adderall last semester when finals week came around, taking three pills during the week to aid her studying. Now, she takes it every time she has to study for a major test or when she has a paper due.

“I have a really, really hard time focusing on my work, just in general,” she said, “so when I need to actually focus, I take it.”

Amanda said that she feels the Adderall does help her perform better academically.

“I definitely would not have been as prepared for my exams [without Adderall],” she said. “I can guarantee that.”

Despite the idea that Adderall helps students perform better, the study in JACH also suggests that nonmedical use of Adderall is associated with poorer academic performance.

When doctors prescribe Adderall, it’s done with caution and fine-tuning to put the patient on the proper dosage, Boesen said. When students get their Adderall from someone with a prescription, they often don’t know how much they’re supposed to take or they add other stimulants to it, such as energy drinks or coffee.

“It’s an incredible amount of stress on the body,” Boesen said. “It’s this chemical stress that keeps our body in fast forward and puts a great deal of stress on the heart.”

That stress can lead to overheating, seizures and even heart attacks, Boesen said.

“There’s this perception that if it’s a prescription medication, it must be safe,” Boesen said. “And it’s not. It’s only safe if it’s taken appropriately.”

Reyes said that the most common problems she sees with the misuse of Adderall are the negative short-term effects it has on students. The negative effects are similar to that of drinking too much coffee, Reyes said.

“You’re being overstimulated so you think, ‘That will really keep me awake,’” Reyes said, “but overstimulation just makes people feel sick.”

Amanda said that she hasn’t felt any major side effects from using Adderall, other than a bad headache.

“A headache is kind of worth being able to get everything done,” she said.
Like any drug, Adderall also carries the risk of dependency, Reyes said, but it’s not something she sees often.

“The students that I see here just want a quick fix,” Reyes said.

Amanda said that one of her friends has grown concerned about her Adderall use, but she doesn’t feel dependent on it, and she plans to keep taking it as she needs it.

Michael also finds no problem embracing the Adderall culture. The opportunity to make some extra money is all the incentive he needs. Recently, he’s started selling edible marijuana as well.

Michael said that when he arrived at the UA last August, he had no idea he would be in the position he’s in now. Although sometimes he feels guilty about selling Adderall, he isn’t planning on changing his lifestyle any time soon.

“I don’t think I feel guilty enough yet to stop,” he said.

— Editor’s note: * denotes a name that has been changed due to the sensitive nature of this article.

— Jazmine Foster-Hall contributed reporting to this article.

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Appeared in the Daily Wildcat on Nov. 7, 2013

A UA professor received hate mail and emails after videos of his lecture regarding Republicans and Fox News viewers surfaced on the Internet.

The videos showed Pat Willerton, an associate professor in the School of Government and Public Policy, during a lecture on Oct. 8 in his class, “Politics, Policy and Governance: The U.S. and the World.” Some of those who have seen the videos accuse Willerton of denigrating both Republicans and Fox News viewers and creating a hostile environment in the classroom.

Willerton said he has received a fair amount of hate mail and email regarding the videos. One particular email he received was troubling, he added.

“The last full paragraph said something to the effect … that I’ll end up with a bullet in the back of my head,” Willerton said. “Well, that’s a hell of a thing to read.”

The slides shown during Willerton’s recorded lecture cite a study from Fairleigh Dickinson University examining people’s knowledge of current events and the news sources they rely on, showing that both Fox News and MSNBC viewers scored low in the survey.

“Fox News does come in last,” Willerton said, “but MSNBC is pretty damn close.”

Willerton said another concern raised was that he appeared to single out Republicans on the issue of gerrymandering in one video. Willerton said the slides from the lecture provided current examples of gerrymandering by Democrats in Illinois and Maryland, in addition to Republican examples in Ohio and Pennsylvania.

“To all indications, he’s conducting the class responsibly, with a multitude of viewpoints and within his authority and expertise,” Sigurdson said. “As the professor, he has the academic freedom to teach the class within his expertise.”

Willerton disagreed with the claim that his lectures create a hostile environment, and said that the videos shot during class were taken out of context.

“Of course it was [taken out of context],” Willerton said. “That was just cherry-picking.”

Willerton also disagreed with the claim that his style of teaching and his viewpoints intimidate those who would dissent in the classroom, adding that he sees little evidence students have any fear of him.

“People will ask me tough questions,” Willerton said, “and if someone really doesn’t want to do that, then they can tweet me [during class]. It’s completely anonymous.”

Paxton Endres, a political science sophomore and a student in the class, said he agrees that Willerton’s teaching doesn’t create a hostile environment.

“What I love about Dr. Willerton is that he welcomes feedback and responses,” Endres said. “In fact, he encourages it, and when he is wrong, or if a student makes a valid argument, then he admits to it.”

Professors should also be able to express their own opinions, especially in classes about politics where students must learn to defend or argue certain sets of beliefs, Endres said.

Michael Schaller, a Regents’ Professor of history,said that professors shouldn’t be barred from expressing their personal political opinions because of their profession.

“We don’t put on blinders when we become professors,” Schaller said. “I don’t think you should use your classroom to promote a partisan political agenda, but I think it is perfectly valid to point out — in a class on history or politics — the implications of something. … If I do have a political barb, I make sure it is separate from the lecture.”

The only time professors’ politics should not be a factor is when it comes to grading, according to Endres.

Willerton has told the class that his personal opinions play no factor in grading and that his eight teaching assistants do his grading.

Willerton said he does bring provocative issues into the classroom and expects differing opinions on what he presents.

“There are over 1,060 kids in both my lectures,” Willerton said. “Someone is going to be troubled by something I say.”

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Appeared in the Daily Wildcat on March 5, 2014

Sergii Gorbachov is worried.

The second year master’s student studying Russian is thinking of his family back home in Ukraine now, as he watches his country falling apart on the news.

The Eastern European country of 45 million is in crisis. In the past two weeks, Ukraine has seen a revolution and an invasion. Late last week Russian military units covertly and swiftly seized control of Crimea, a peninsula in southern Ukraine.

War seems a grim prospect to Gorbachov. His hometown of Kharkiv, Ukraine, is only 20 miles from the Russian border. What’s even more disconcerting to him is what could happen to his 26-year-old brother, a member of the Ukrainian army reserves.

“He will be called to go to war,” Gorbachov said. “If something happens, he could die.”

Unease hangs over the whole of Ukraine as well, as neither side seems ready to back down, according to Pat Willerton, an associate professor of political science. Both Ukraine and Russia believe time is on their side.

“I’m pretty confident that the Russians are not leaving,” Willerton said. “They will not leave if they feel that their interests and those of Russians and Russian-oriented Ukrainians are not being respected.”

Two weeks ago, Yanukovych was ousted from power following bloody protests in Kiev that resulted in dozens of deaths.

Gorbachov was not upset to see the government go.

“I didn’t like the government because everything is corrupt — education, health care, police,” Gorbachov said. “That’s why I came here.”

Willerton said the ousting of Yanukovych and the quick ascension of a new nationalist-oriented government in Kiev has led Russia to take actions to protect ethnic Russians and Russian citizens in Ukraine.

The violence since the overthrow of Yanukovych hasn’t been as one-sided as the Russians claim, according to Anna Vozna, a first-year master’s student studying Russian, who originates from Kharkiv. The images of pro-Ukrainian protesters in her hometown being dragged through the streets and forced to their knees in the middle of the square are deeply troubling to her.

“It’s Ukrainians who have problems there, not Russians,” Vozna said.

Mikhail Beznosov, a limited-term adjunct instructor in political science, is currently in Kharkiv as tensions simmer. He said in an email that the situation in the city is “quite tense.”

Beznosov waited for the arrival of pro-Ukrainian protesters following Yanukovych’s ousting — and they came. They took control of the regional administration building in the city and attempted to destroy a statue of Vladimir Lenin in the central square.

Beznosov said most people in southern and eastern Ukraine, areas seen as pro-Russian, are not happy with the new government in Kiev. They still view Yanukovych as the legitimate president of Ukraine, and see the protesters as nationalists with a “neo-Nazi essence.”

Beznosov also leads the Arizona in Yalta study abroad summer program for the political science department, a program that is now in limbo given the current crisis in Crimea. Yalta lies on the southern coast of the Crimean peninsula.

The UA Study Abroad and Student Exchange Office has decided that hosting the program in Yalta is no longer feasible given the security situation in the area, but Beznosov said he is looking at other options for students who applied for the program. He said he offered the countries of Bulgaria,
Georgia and Montenegro as alternatives.

The problem in Crimea is not simply a present-day conflict, said Teresa Polowy, head of the Department of Russian and Slavic Studies. Polowy’s ties to the area lay in that his grandparents are from western Ukraine.

“This is a 21st century iteration of a situation that has existed in Ukraine for 500 years or more,” Polowy said.

Polowy said Ukraine has long been torn between whether it should be closer to the West and Europe or toward the East and Russia. Crimea has a long history that must be understood as well, Polowy added.

Nikita Khrushchev handed Crimea over to Ukraine from Russia in 1954 when the two were still republics within the greater Soviet Union. Crimea is home to a large population of ethnic Russians, and Russian is the predominant language spoken there. Strategically, Crimea is home to a Russian naval base in the city of Sevastopol.

“It’s about Putin really reclaiming those strategic areas for Russia,” Polowy said. “Crimea was attached to Ukraine artificially.”

Gorbachov said he is uncertain of what comes next for Ukraine. A week ago, he never would have guessed that Russia would invade Crimea.

Vozna said she thinks the situation will improve now that Western nations are taking measures to punish Russia for its action, and that it will send a message to Putin.

“Maybe people will understand that if we allow him to take Ukraine now, it may spread all over Europe, because he is dangerous,” Vozna said.

Willerton said it is highly unlikely that the U.S. or the West will intervene militarily because Ukraine is not a vital interest — not to mention the U.S. is war-weary as it is.

Ukrainians and Russians don’t want to fight each other, Willerton said, but he emphasized that the crisis is not likely to end any time soon.

“It’s going to be hard to please everybody,” Willerton said. “Everyone seems to agree that they don’t want to break the country up, but I don’t know where it goes from here. I don’t know how you please Russians in the East and Crimea and Ukrainians in the West.”

Vozna planned on staying at the UA after she gets her master’s, but now she’s not so sure.

“Now, when I see all [these] events going on in my country,” Vozna said, “I think that I want to come back.”

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Appeared in the Daily Wildcat on Sept. 4, 2014

A recent ad funded by a Republican group targeted Democratic gubernatorial nominee Fred DuVal for voting to approve tuition hikes when he served on the Arizona Board of Regents.

The 30-second TV ad from the Republican Governors Association hit DuVal for voting for the tuition hikes that caused the cost of tuition and fees at the state universities to rise by 99 percent while he served on the board.

A fact check from the Arizona Republic rated the claim in the ad as true, giving it four stars. DuVal voted to raise tuition each year and it doubled over the course of his six years as a member of the board of regents, the Republic said.

The board of regents sets the rates for tuition and fees at the UA, Arizona State University and Northern Arizona University. DuVal served on the board from 2006 to 2012, and during that time, in-state undergraduate tuition at the UA increased from $4,600 to $9,100.

The DuVal campaign, however, contends that the increases were necessary due to cuts in funding to the state universities from the Legislature.

“Governor [Jan] Brewer and the Arizona Legislature cut higher education by more than $400 million during the recession, more than any other state in the country,” said Geoff Vetter, a spokesperson for the DuVal campaign. “Fred [DuVal] kept the doors of our universities open.”

Mark Killian, the current chair of the board of regents, said the ad is misleading and lacks context on why tuition had to be raised.

The regents and the universities worked to save on costs and keep campuses open, but raising tuition was necessary, Killian said. He added that the state’s universities’ per student contribution is now as low as it was in 1955, and he believes the state legislature is violating the Arizona Constitution where it says education must be as free as possible.

Vetter said DuVal worked to increase access and affordability to higher education while he served on the board. DuVal has also promised to veto any bill that continues to make cuts to education, Vetter said.

Killian also said he didn’t like the way the board of regents was portrayed in the ad.

“It makes it sound like the regents are greedy and we’ve raised tuition to persecute middle-income families, which couldn’t be further from the truth,” Killian said.

The ad opens with a mother lying awake in bed and the narrator speaks about how the sharp rise in college tuition in Arizona has forced middle-class families to pay more. The ad says DuVal voted to raise tuition each year and repeats that the increases were “just not fair.”

In a statement, Gail Gitcho, RGA communications director, said that DuVal did little to prevent the tuition increase that occurred while he served on the board of regents. This is the group’s first ad in the Arizona gubernatorial race.

“College students in Arizona can thank Democrat Fred DuVal for their ever-increasing tuition rates,” Gitcho said.

Killian, who describes himself as a conservative Republican, said he did not appreciate the RGA creating a campaign issue with the ad.

“I really don’t like outside groups coming into Arizona, defining the candidates and defining the issues for Arizona,” he said.

A recent poll of likely voters from Rasmussen Reports showed DuVal tied with his Republican challenger, Doug Ducey, at 40 percent with about two months to go until the general election.

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